# Car accident deadlines and fault rules in every state

> Compare the statute of limitations for injury, vehicle damage and wrongful death claims, and the fault rule, in all 50 states and DC. Sources for each.

Canonical page: https://accidentclaimfacts.com/location/  
Last reviewed: October 29, 2026 by the Accident Claim Facts editorial team  
General information, not legal advice. Talk to a licensed attorney in your state.

## Quick answer

Every state sets its own deadline for car-accident lawsuits and its own rule for sharing blame. For an adult's injury claim, the deadline is as short as 1 year in Tennessee and as long as 6 years in Maine, Minnesota and North Dakota. 26 jurisdictions bar recovery above 50% fault, 10 bar it at 50%, 9 use pure comparative fault and 5 keep contributory negligence.

## Key facts

| Fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| Jurisdictions covered | 50 states and Washington, DC |
| Most common injury deadline | 2 years (25 jurisdictions) |
| Shortest injury deadline | 1 year (Tennessee) |
| States with a 51% bar | 26 |
| States with a 50% bar | 10 |
| Pure comparative fault | 9 |
| Contributory negligence | 5, including DC |

## Every state, A to Z

Type your state's name to filter the list. The first figure is the deadline to file an adult's injury lawsuit; the second is the state's rule for shared fault.

| State | Injury | Vehicle damage | Wrongful death | Fault rule |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 2 years (Ala. Code § 6-2-38(l)) | Not confirmed | 2 years (Ala. Code § 6-5-410(d)) | Contributory negligence |
| Alaska | 2 years (Alaska Stat. § 09.10.070(a)(2)) | 2 years (Alaska Stat. § 09.10.070(a)(3)) | 2 years (Alaska Stat. § 09.55.580(a)) | Pure comparative fault |
| Arizona | 2 years (A.R.S. § 12-542(1)) | 2 years (A.R.S. § 12-542(3)) | 2 years (A.R.S. § 12-542(2)) | Pure comparative fault |
| Arkansas | 3 years (Ark. Code Ann. § 16-56-105) | 3 years (Ark. Code Ann. § 16-56-105(6)) | 3 years (Ark. Code Ann. § 16-62-102(c)(1)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| California | 2 years (Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 335.1) | 3 years (Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 338(c)(1)) | 2 years (Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 335.1) | Pure comparative fault |
| Colorado | 3 years (C.R.S. § 13-80-101(1)(n)(I)) | 3 years (C.R.S. § 13-80-101(1)(n)(I)) | 2 years (C.R.S. § 13-80-102(1)(d); § 13-21-204) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Connecticut | 2 years (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 52-584) | 2 years (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 52-584) | 2 years (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 52-555(a)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Delaware | 2 years (10 Del. C. § 8119) | 2 years (10 Del. C. § 8107) | 2 years (10 Del. C. § 8107) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| District of Columbia | 3 years (D.C. Code § 12-301(a)(8)) | 3 years (D.C. Code § 12-301(a)(3)) | 2 years (D.C. Code § 16-2702) | Contributory negligence |
| Florida | 2 years (Fla. Stat. § 95.11(5)(a)) | Not confirmed | 2 years (Fla. Stat. § 95.11(5)(e)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Georgia | 2 years (O.C.G.A. § 9-3-33) | 4 years (O.C.G.A. § 9-3-31) | Not confirmed | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Hawaii | 2 years (Haw. Rev. Stat. § 657-7; § 431:10C-315(b)) | 2 years (Haw. Rev. Stat. § 657-7) | 2 years (Haw. Rev. Stat. § 663-3) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Idaho | 2 years (Idaho Code § 5-219(4)) | 3 years (Idaho Code § 5-218(3)) | 2 years (Idaho Code § 5-219(4)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Illinois | 2 years (735 ILCS 5/13-202) | 5 years (735 ILCS 5/13-205) | 2 years (740 ILCS 180/2) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Indiana | 2 years (Ind. Code § 34-11-2-4(a)(1)) | 2 years (Ind. Code § 34-11-2-4(a)(2)) | 2 years (Ind. Code § 34-23-1-1) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Iowa | 2 years (Iowa Code § 614.1(2)) | 5 years (Iowa Code § 614.1(4)) | 2 years (Iowa Code § 614.1(2)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Kansas | 2 years (K.S.A. 60-513(a)(4)) | 2 years (K.S.A. 60-513(a)(2)) | 2 years (K.S.A. 60-513(a)(5)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Kentucky | 2 years (KRS 304.39-230(6)) | 2 years (KRS 413.125) | 2 years (KRS 304.39-230(6)) | Pure comparative fault |
| Louisiana | 2 years (La. Civ. Code art. 3493.1) | 2 years (La. Civ. Code art. 3493.1) | 2 years (La. Civ. Code art. 2315.2(B)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Maine | 6 years (14 M.R.S. § 752) | 6 years (14 M.R.S. § 752) | 3 years (18-C M.R.S. § 2-807(2)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Maryland | 3 years (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101) | 3 years (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101) | 3 years (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 3-904(g)(1)) | Contributory negligence |
| Massachusetts | 3 years (Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 260, § 2A) | 3 years (Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 260, § 2A) | 3 years (Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 229, § 2) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Michigan | 3 years (MCL 600.5805(2)) | 3 years (MCL 600.5805(2)) | 3 years (MCL 600.5805(2); MCL 600.5852) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Minnesota | 6 years (Minn. Stat. § 541.05, subd. 1(5)) | 6 years (Minn. Stat. § 541.05, subd. 1(4)) | 3 years (Minn. Stat. § 573.02, subd. 1) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Mississippi | 3 years (Miss. Code Ann. § 15-1-49(1)) | 3 years (Miss. Code Ann. § 15-1-49(1)) | 3 years (Miss. Code Ann. § 11-7-13; § 15-1-49(1)) | Pure comparative fault |
| Missouri | 5 years (Mo. Rev. Stat. § 516.120(4)) | 5 years (Mo. Rev. Stat. § 516.120(4)) | 3 years (Mo. Rev. Stat. § 537.100) | Pure comparative fault |
| Montana | 3 years (Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-204(1)) | 2 years (Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-207) | 3 years (Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-204(2)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Nebraska | 4 years (Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-207(3)) | 4 years (Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-207(2)) | 2 years (Neb. Rev. Stat. § 30-810) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Nevada | 2 years (Nev. Rev. Stat. § 11.190(4)(e)) | 3 years (Nev. Rev. Stat. § 11.190(3)(c)) | 2 years (Nev. Rev. Stat. § 11.190(4)(e)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| New Hampshire | 3 years (N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 508:4, I) | 3 years (N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 508:4, I) | 3 years (N.H. RSA 556:11 and 508:4; Cheever v. Southern N.H. Reg'l Med. Ctr., 141 N.H. 589 (1997)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| New Jersey | 2 years (N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2A:14-2(a)) | 6 years (N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2A:14-1) | 2 years (N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2A:31-3) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| New Mexico | 3 years (N.M. Stat. Ann. § 37-1-8) | 4 years (N.M. Stat. Ann. § 37-1-4) | 3 years (N.M. Stat. Ann. § 41-2-2) | Pure comparative fault |
| New York | 3 years (N.Y. CPLR 214(5)) | 3 years (N.Y. CPLR 214(4)) | 2 years (N.Y. Est. Powers & Trusts Law § 5-4.1(1)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| North Carolina | 3 years (N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-52(16)) | 3 years (N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-52(4)) | 2 years (N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-53(4)) | Contributory negligence |
| North Dakota | 6 years (N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(5)) | 6 years (N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(4)) | 2 years (N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-18(4)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Ohio | 2 years (Ohio Rev. Code § 2305.10(A)) | 2 years (Ohio Rev. Code § 2305.10(A)) | 2 years (Ohio Rev. Code § 2125.02(F)(1)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Oklahoma | 2 years (Okla. Stat. tit. 12, § 95(A)(3)) | 2 years (Okla. Stat. tit. 12, § 95(A)(3)) | 2 years (Okla. Stat. tit. 12, § 1053(A)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Oregon | 2 years (Or. Rev. Stat. § 12.110(1)) | 6 years (Or. Rev. Stat. § 12.080(4)) | 3 years (Or. Rev. Stat. § 30.020(1)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Pennsylvania | 2 years (42 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 5524(2)) | 2 years (42 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 5524(3)) | 2 years (42 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 5524(2)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Rhode Island | 3 years (R.I. Gen. Laws § 9-1-14(b)) | 10 years (R.I. Gen. Laws § 9-1-13(a)) | 3 years (R.I. Gen. Laws § 10-7-2(c)) | Pure comparative fault |
| South Carolina | 3 years (S.C. Code Ann. § 15-3-530(5)) | 3 years (S.C. Code Ann. § 15-3-530(4)) | 3 years (S.C. Code Ann. § 15-3-530(6)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| South Dakota | 3 years (SDCL § 15-2-14(3)) | 6 years (SDCL § 15-2-13(4)) | 3 years (SDCL § 21-5-3) | Slight/gross negligence |
| Tennessee | 1 year (Tenn. Code Ann. § 28-3-104(a)(1)(A)) | 3 years (Tenn. Code Ann. § 28-3-105) | 1 year (Tenn. Code Ann. § 28-3-104(a)(1); Collier v. Memphis Light, Gas & Water Div., 657 S.W.2d 771 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1983)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Texas | 2 years (Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16.003(a)) | 2 years (Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16.003(a)) | 2 years (Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16.003(b)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Utah | 4 years (Utah Code § 78B-2-307(4)) | 4 years (Utah Code § 78B-2-307(3)) | 2 years (Utah Code § 78B-2-304(3)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Vermont | 3 years (12 V.S.A. § 512(4)) | 3 years (12 V.S.A. § 512(5)) | 2 years (14 V.S.A. § 1492(a)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Virginia | 2 years (Va. Code § 8.01-243(A)) | 5 years (Va. Code § 8.01-243(B)) | 2 years (Va. Code § 8.01-244(B)) | Contributory negligence |
| Washington | 3 years (RCW 4.16.080(2)) | 3 years (RCW 4.16.080(2)) | 3 years (RCW 4.16.080(2); Deggs v. Asbestos Corp. Ltd., No. 91969-1 (Wash. Oct. 6, 2016)) | Pure comparative fault |
| West Virginia | 2 years (W. Va. Code § 55-2-12(b)) | 2 years (W. Va. Code § 55-2-12(a)) | 2 years (W. Va. Code § 55-7-6(d)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Wisconsin | 3 years (Wis. Stat. § 893.54(1m)(a)) | 3 years (Wis. Stat. § 893.52(2)) | 2 years (Wis. Stat. § 893.54(2m)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Wyoming | 4 years (Wyo. Stat. § 1-3-105(a)(iv)(C)) | 4 years (Wyo. Stat. § 1-3-105(a)(iv)(B)) | 2 years (Wyo. Stat. § 1-38-102(d)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
## Compare every deadline

The table lists the deadline for each type of claim. Select a column heading to sort it. "Not confirmed" means we could not confirm one clear deadline from the official text, for example because two statutes could apply; ask a licensed attorney in that state.

| State | Injury | Vehicle damage | Wrongful death | Fault rule |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 2 years (Ala. Code § 6-2-38(l)) | Not confirmed | 2 years (Ala. Code § 6-5-410(d)) | Contributory negligence |
| Alaska | 2 years (Alaska Stat. § 09.10.070(a)(2)) | 2 years (Alaska Stat. § 09.10.070(a)(3)) | 2 years (Alaska Stat. § 09.55.580(a)) | Pure comparative fault |
| Arizona | 2 years (A.R.S. § 12-542(1)) | 2 years (A.R.S. § 12-542(3)) | 2 years (A.R.S. § 12-542(2)) | Pure comparative fault |
| Arkansas | 3 years (Ark. Code Ann. § 16-56-105) | 3 years (Ark. Code Ann. § 16-56-105(6)) | 3 years (Ark. Code Ann. § 16-62-102(c)(1)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| California | 2 years (Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 335.1) | 3 years (Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 338(c)(1)) | 2 years (Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 335.1) | Pure comparative fault |
| Colorado | 3 years (C.R.S. § 13-80-101(1)(n)(I)) | 3 years (C.R.S. § 13-80-101(1)(n)(I)) | 2 years (C.R.S. § 13-80-102(1)(d); § 13-21-204) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Connecticut | 2 years (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 52-584) | 2 years (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 52-584) | 2 years (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 52-555(a)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Delaware | 2 years (10 Del. C. § 8119) | 2 years (10 Del. C. § 8107) | 2 years (10 Del. C. § 8107) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| District of Columbia | 3 years (D.C. Code § 12-301(a)(8)) | 3 years (D.C. Code § 12-301(a)(3)) | 2 years (D.C. Code § 16-2702) | Contributory negligence |
| Florida | 2 years (Fla. Stat. § 95.11(5)(a)) | Not confirmed | 2 years (Fla. Stat. § 95.11(5)(e)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Georgia | 2 years (O.C.G.A. § 9-3-33) | 4 years (O.C.G.A. § 9-3-31) | Not confirmed | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Hawaii | 2 years (Haw. Rev. Stat. § 657-7; § 431:10C-315(b)) | 2 years (Haw. Rev. Stat. § 657-7) | 2 years (Haw. Rev. Stat. § 663-3) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Idaho | 2 years (Idaho Code § 5-219(4)) | 3 years (Idaho Code § 5-218(3)) | 2 years (Idaho Code § 5-219(4)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Illinois | 2 years (735 ILCS 5/13-202) | 5 years (735 ILCS 5/13-205) | 2 years (740 ILCS 180/2) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Indiana | 2 years (Ind. Code § 34-11-2-4(a)(1)) | 2 years (Ind. Code § 34-11-2-4(a)(2)) | 2 years (Ind. Code § 34-23-1-1) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Iowa | 2 years (Iowa Code § 614.1(2)) | 5 years (Iowa Code § 614.1(4)) | 2 years (Iowa Code § 614.1(2)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Kansas | 2 years (K.S.A. 60-513(a)(4)) | 2 years (K.S.A. 60-513(a)(2)) | 2 years (K.S.A. 60-513(a)(5)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Kentucky | 2 years (KRS 304.39-230(6)) | 2 years (KRS 413.125) | 2 years (KRS 304.39-230(6)) | Pure comparative fault |
| Louisiana | 2 years (La. Civ. Code art. 3493.1) | 2 years (La. Civ. Code art. 3493.1) | 2 years (La. Civ. Code art. 2315.2(B)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Maine | 6 years (14 M.R.S. § 752) | 6 years (14 M.R.S. § 752) | 3 years (18-C M.R.S. § 2-807(2)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Maryland | 3 years (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101) | 3 years (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101) | 3 years (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 3-904(g)(1)) | Contributory negligence |
| Massachusetts | 3 years (Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 260, § 2A) | 3 years (Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 260, § 2A) | 3 years (Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 229, § 2) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Michigan | 3 years (MCL 600.5805(2)) | 3 years (MCL 600.5805(2)) | 3 years (MCL 600.5805(2); MCL 600.5852) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Minnesota | 6 years (Minn. Stat. § 541.05, subd. 1(5)) | 6 years (Minn. Stat. § 541.05, subd. 1(4)) | 3 years (Minn. Stat. § 573.02, subd. 1) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Mississippi | 3 years (Miss. Code Ann. § 15-1-49(1)) | 3 years (Miss. Code Ann. § 15-1-49(1)) | 3 years (Miss. Code Ann. § 11-7-13; § 15-1-49(1)) | Pure comparative fault |
| Missouri | 5 years (Mo. Rev. Stat. § 516.120(4)) | 5 years (Mo. Rev. Stat. § 516.120(4)) | 3 years (Mo. Rev. Stat. § 537.100) | Pure comparative fault |
| Montana | 3 years (Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-204(1)) | 2 years (Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-207) | 3 years (Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-204(2)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Nebraska | 4 years (Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-207(3)) | 4 years (Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-207(2)) | 2 years (Neb. Rev. Stat. § 30-810) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Nevada | 2 years (Nev. Rev. Stat. § 11.190(4)(e)) | 3 years (Nev. Rev. Stat. § 11.190(3)(c)) | 2 years (Nev. Rev. Stat. § 11.190(4)(e)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| New Hampshire | 3 years (N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 508:4, I) | 3 years (N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 508:4, I) | 3 years (N.H. RSA 556:11 and 508:4; Cheever v. Southern N.H. Reg'l Med. Ctr., 141 N.H. 589 (1997)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| New Jersey | 2 years (N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2A:14-2(a)) | 6 years (N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2A:14-1) | 2 years (N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2A:31-3) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| New Mexico | 3 years (N.M. Stat. Ann. § 37-1-8) | 4 years (N.M. Stat. Ann. § 37-1-4) | 3 years (N.M. Stat. Ann. § 41-2-2) | Pure comparative fault |
| New York | 3 years (N.Y. CPLR 214(5)) | 3 years (N.Y. CPLR 214(4)) | 2 years (N.Y. Est. Powers & Trusts Law § 5-4.1(1)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| North Carolina | 3 years (N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-52(16)) | 3 years (N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-52(4)) | 2 years (N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-53(4)) | Contributory negligence |
| North Dakota | 6 years (N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(5)) | 6 years (N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(4)) | 2 years (N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-18(4)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Ohio | 2 years (Ohio Rev. Code § 2305.10(A)) | 2 years (Ohio Rev. Code § 2305.10(A)) | 2 years (Ohio Rev. Code § 2125.02(F)(1)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Oklahoma | 2 years (Okla. Stat. tit. 12, § 95(A)(3)) | 2 years (Okla. Stat. tit. 12, § 95(A)(3)) | 2 years (Okla. Stat. tit. 12, § 1053(A)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Oregon | 2 years (Or. Rev. Stat. § 12.110(1)) | 6 years (Or. Rev. Stat. § 12.080(4)) | 3 years (Or. Rev. Stat. § 30.020(1)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Pennsylvania | 2 years (42 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 5524(2)) | 2 years (42 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 5524(3)) | 2 years (42 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 5524(2)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Rhode Island | 3 years (R.I. Gen. Laws § 9-1-14(b)) | 10 years (R.I. Gen. Laws § 9-1-13(a)) | 3 years (R.I. Gen. Laws § 10-7-2(c)) | Pure comparative fault |
| South Carolina | 3 years (S.C. Code Ann. § 15-3-530(5)) | 3 years (S.C. Code Ann. § 15-3-530(4)) | 3 years (S.C. Code Ann. § 15-3-530(6)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| South Dakota | 3 years (SDCL § 15-2-14(3)) | 6 years (SDCL § 15-2-13(4)) | 3 years (SDCL § 21-5-3) | Slight/gross negligence |
| Tennessee | 1 year (Tenn. Code Ann. § 28-3-104(a)(1)(A)) | 3 years (Tenn. Code Ann. § 28-3-105) | 1 year (Tenn. Code Ann. § 28-3-104(a)(1); Collier v. Memphis Light, Gas & Water Div., 657 S.W.2d 771 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1983)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Texas | 2 years (Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16.003(a)) | 2 years (Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16.003(a)) | 2 years (Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16.003(b)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Utah | 4 years (Utah Code § 78B-2-307(4)) | 4 years (Utah Code § 78B-2-307(3)) | 2 years (Utah Code § 78B-2-304(3)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Vermont | 3 years (12 V.S.A. § 512(4)) | 3 years (12 V.S.A. § 512(5)) | 2 years (14 V.S.A. § 1492(a)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Virginia | 2 years (Va. Code § 8.01-243(A)) | 5 years (Va. Code § 8.01-243(B)) | 2 years (Va. Code § 8.01-244(B)) | Contributory negligence |
| Washington | 3 years (RCW 4.16.080(2)) | 3 years (RCW 4.16.080(2)) | 3 years (RCW 4.16.080(2); Deggs v. Asbestos Corp. Ltd., No. 91969-1 (Wash. Oct. 6, 2016)) | Pure comparative fault |
| West Virginia | 2 years (W. Va. Code § 55-2-12(b)) | 2 years (W. Va. Code § 55-2-12(a)) | 2 years (W. Va. Code § 55-7-6(d)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Wisconsin | 3 years (Wis. Stat. § 893.54(1m)(a)) | 3 years (Wis. Stat. § 893.52(2)) | 2 years (Wis. Stat. § 893.54(2m)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Wyoming | 4 years (Wyo. Stat. § 1-3-105(a)(iv)(C)) | 4 years (Wyo. Stat. § 1-3-105(a)(iv)(B)) | 2 years (Wyo. Stat. § 1-38-102(d)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
## How to read these deadlines

A statute of limitations is the last day to file a lawsuit, not the last day to call an insurer. Most clocks start on the day of the crash, but there are common exceptions:

- **Injured children.** Many states pause the clock until a child turns 18, a form of tolling. Texas does this by statute.
- **Late-discovered injuries.** Some states start the clock when an injury was, or should have been, discovered.
- **Government defendants.** A claim against a city, county or state agency usually needs a written notice of claim long before the lawsuit deadline. In Texas the notice is due within 6 months.
- **Recent changes.** Florida shortened its negligence deadline in 2023, Louisiana lengthened its injury deadline for crashes after July 1, 2024 and moved to a 51% fault bar in 2026, and New York changed its fault rule for car-crash injury suits in 2026. Older crashes may follow the old rules.

> **Note:** These are general deadlines for adults' claims. Your own deadline can be shorter or longer. A licensed attorney in your state can tell you exactly which date applies.

## How to read the fault rules

Under comparative negligence, your recovery is reduced by your own share of blame. A pure comparative fault state lets you recover something even if you were mostly at fault. A modified comparative fault state cuts you off once your share reaches the bar: 50% in some states, 51% in others. Contributory negligence, still used in Alabama, Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia and Washington, DC, can bar recovery for even a small share of fault. South Dakota uses a "slight versus gross" test with no fixed percentage.

Try the [fault-rule explainer](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/tools/fault-rule-explainer/) to see how your state treats a given share of fault.

## City guides

- [Atlanta](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/location/atlanta/): After a crash in Atlanta, Georgia law generally gives you two years to sue and bars recovery at 50% fault, but a claim against the City of…
- [Charlotte](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/location/charlotte/): North Carolina gives you three years to sue for crash injuries, but its contributory negligence rule can bar your claim if you were even…
- [Chicago](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/location/chicago/): Chicago crashes follow Illinois law: two years to sue and no recovery above 50% fault. Suing the City has a one-year limit, and expressway…
- [Dallas](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/location/dallas/): Dallas crashes follow Texas law: two years to sue and a 51% fault bar. Claims against the City of Dallas need written notice within six…
- [Denver](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/location/denver/): Denver crashes follow Colorado law: three years to sue over most car crashes and a 50% fault bar. Claims against the City and County of…
- [Houston](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/location/houston/): Houston crashes follow Texas law: two years to sue and a 51% fault bar. Claims against the City need a sworn notice within 90 days, and…
- [Las Vegas](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/location/las-vegas/): Nevada gives you two years to sue for crash injuries and bars recovery if you were more at fault than the other side. Las Vegas adds its…
- [Los Angeles](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/location/los-angeles/): Los Angeles follows California's two-year injury deadline and pure comparative fault, but a claim against the city or county must be filed…
- [Miami](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/location/miami/): Miami crashes follow Florida law: two years to sue, no recovery above 50% fault, and PIP that pays only if you get care within 14 days…
- [New York City](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/location/new-york-city/): In New York City your own no-fault coverage pays first, you generally have three years to sue, and a claim against the City needs a notice…
- [Orlando](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/location/orlando/): Orlando crashes follow Florida law: two years to sue, no recovery above 50% fault and PIP first. Orange County had the third most crash…
- [Philadelphia](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/location/philadelphia/): Philadelphia crashes follow Pennsylvania law: two years to sue, no recovery above 50% fault, and a tort choice on your policy. Claims…
- [Phoenix](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/location/phoenix/): Arizona gives you two years to sue after a crash and uses pure comparative fault. A claim against the City of Phoenix or another public…
- [San Antonio](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/location/san-antonio/): San Antonio crashes follow Texas law: two years to sue and a 51% fault bar. Claims against the City need written notice within 90 days…
- [Tampa](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/location/tampa/): Tampa crashes follow Florida law: two years to sue, no recovery above 50% fault and PIP first. Suits can be filed in Hillsborough County…
## FAQ

### Which state has the shortest deadline for a car accident injury claim?

Tennessee, where an adult generally has 1 year to file an injury lawsuit. Kentucky's general injury deadline is also short, but its motor vehicle law gives 2 years for most car-crash claims.

### Which states have the longest deadlines?

Maine, Minnesota and North Dakota allow 6 years for an adult's negligence injury claim, and Missouri allows 5 years.

### Which states still use contributory negligence?

Alabama, Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia and Washington, DC. In these places, even a small share of fault can bar recovery, though DC has an exception for pedestrians and other non-motorized road users.

### Is the deadline for vehicle damage the same as for injuries?

Not always. In Texas both are 2 years, but California allows 3 years for property damage against 2 years for injuries, and Rhode Island allows 10 years for property damage.

### Does the deadline stop while I negotiate with the insurer?

No. Talks with an insurer do not pause the statute of limitations. If the claim has not settled as the deadline nears, a lawsuit may need to be filed to protect it.

## Sources

- [Texas Legislature, Civil Practice and Remedies Code chapter 16](https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/CP/htm/CP.16.htm)
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- [Maine Legislature, 14 M.R.S. § 752](https://www.legislature.maine.gov/statutes/14/title14sec752.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Texas Legislature, Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 101.101(a)](https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/CP/htm/CP.101.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Kentucky General Assembly, KRS 304.39-230 (Motor Vehicle Reparations Act)](https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=45816), checked October 29, 2026
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- [Arizona Legislature, Arizona Revised Statutes § 12-2505(A)](https://www.azleg.gov/ars/12/02505.htm), checked October 29, 2026
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- [Arkansas General Assembly, Arkansas Code § 16-64-122(b)](https://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/title-16/subtitle-5/chapter-64/section-16-64-122/), checked October 29, 2026
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- [Colorado General Assembly, C.R.S. § 13-80-101(1)(n)(I)](https://colorado.public.law/statutes/crs_13-80-101), checked October 29, 2026
- [Colorado General Assembly, C.R.S. § 13-80-102(1)(d)](https://colorado.public.law/statutes/crs_13-80-102), checked October 29, 2026
- [Colorado General Assembly, C.R.S. § 13-80-108(2)](https://colorado.public.law/statutes/crs_13-80-108), checked October 29, 2026
- [Colorado General Assembly, C.R.S. § 13-21-111(1)](https://colorado.public.law/statutes/crs_13-21-111), checked October 29, 2026
- [Connecticut General Assembly, General Statutes § 52-584](https://law.justia.com/codes/connecticut/title-52/chapter-926/section-52-584/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Connecticut General Assembly, General Statutes § 52-555(a)](https://law.justia.com/codes/connecticut/title-52/chapter-925/section-52-555/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Connecticut General Assembly, General Statutes § 52-572h(b)](https://law.justia.com/codes/connecticut/title-52/chapter-925/section-52-572h/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Delaware General Assembly, Delaware Code Title 10 § 8119](https://delcode.delaware.gov/title10/c081/index.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Council of the District of Columbia, D.C. Code § 12-301(a)(8)](https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/12-301), checked October 29, 2026
- [Council of the District of Columbia, D.C. Code § 16-2702](https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/16-2702), checked October 29, 2026
- [Council of the District of Columbia, D.C. Law 21-167 (common-law contributory negligence)](https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/laws/21-167), checked October 29, 2026
- [Council of the District of Columbia, D.C. Code § 50-2204.52](https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/50-2204.52), checked October 29, 2026
- [Florida Legislature, Florida Statutes § 95.11(5)(a)](https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/95.11), checked October 29, 2026
- [Florida Legislature, Florida Statutes § 95.031(1)](https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/95.031), checked October 29, 2026
- [Florida Legislature, Florida Statutes § 768.81(6)](https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/768.81), checked October 29, 2026
- [Georgia General Assembly, Official Code of Georgia § 9-3-33](https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/title-9/chapter-3/article-2/section-9-3-33/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (Official Code of Georgia Annotated, 2024 edition), O.C.G.A. § 9-3-31](https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/2024/title-9/chapter-3/article-2/section-9-3-31/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Georgia General Assembly, Official Code of Georgia § 51-12-33(g)](https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/title-51/chapter-12/article-2/section-51-12-33/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Hawaii State Legislature, Hawaii Revised Statutes § 657-7](https://data.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol13_Ch0601-0676/HRS0657/HRS_0657-0007.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Hawaii State Legislature, Hawaii Revised Statutes § 663-3](https://data.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol13_Ch0601-0676/HRS0663/HRS_0663-0003.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Hawaii State Legislature, Hawaii Revised Statutes § 663-31(a)](https://data.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol13_Ch0601-0676/HRS0663/HRS_0663-0031.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Idaho Legislature, Idaho Code § 5-219(4)](https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title5/T5CH2/SECT5-219/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Idaho Legislature, Idaho Code § 5-218(3)](https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title5/T5CH2/SECT5-218/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Idaho Legislature, Idaho Code § 6-801](https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title6/T6CH8/SECT6-801/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Illinois General Assembly, 735 ILCS 5/13-202](https://www.ilga.gov/Documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/073500050k13-202.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Illinois General Assembly, 735 ILCS 5/13-205 (text via courtrules.net)](https://www.courtrules.net/illinois/illinois-code-civil-procedure/rule-13-205), checked October 29, 2026
- [Illinois General Assembly, Wrongful Death Act, 740 ILCS 180/2](https://ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=2059), checked October 29, 2026
- [Illinois General Assembly, 735 ILCS 5/2-1116](https://ilga.gov/Documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/073500050K2-1116.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Indiana General Assembly, Ind. Code § 34-11-2-4 (2025 Code via Justia)](https://law.justia.com/codes/indiana/title-34/article-11/chapter-2/section-34-11-2-4/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Indiana General Assembly, Ind. Code § 34-23-1-1 (2025 Code via Justia)](https://law.justia.com/codes/indiana/title-34/article-23/chapter-1/section-34-23-1-1/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Indiana Court of Appeals, Davis-Brumley v. Fair Oaks Farms (Feb. 29, 2024), Indiana courts Case Clips](https://caseclips.courts.in.gov/2024/03/04/davis-brumley-v-fair-oaks-farms-llc-no-23a-ct-1610-__-n-e-3d-__-ind-ct-app-feb-29-2024), checked October 29, 2026
- [Indiana General Assembly, Ind. Code § 34-51-2-6 (2025 Code via Justia)](https://law.justia.com/codes/indiana/title-34/article-51/chapter-2/section-34-51-2-6/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Indiana General Assembly, Ind. Code § 34-51-2-2 (2025 Code via Justia)](https://law.justia.com/codes/indiana/title-34/article-51/chapter-2/section-34-51-2-2/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Iowa Legislature, Iowa Code § 614.1 (2026 Code)](https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/614.1.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
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- [Iowa Legislature, Iowa Code § 668.3 (2026 Code)](https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/668.3.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes, K.S.A. 60-513](https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch60/060_005_0013.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Kansas Supreme Court, Martin v. Naik, No. 101,146 (May 3, 2013)](https://2jd.kscourts.gov/KSCourts/media/KsCourts/Opinions/101146.pdf?ext=.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes, K.S.A. 60-258a](https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch60/060_002_0058a.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Kentucky General Assembly, KRS 413.125](https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/Law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=17867), checked October 29, 2026
- [Kentucky General Assembly, KRS 411.182](https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/Law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=17782), checked October 29, 2026
- [Louisiana State Legislature, Civil Code art. 3493.1](https://www.legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=1386443), checked October 29, 2026
- [Louisiana State Legislature, Civil Code art. 2315.2](https://legis.la.gov/LEGIS/Law.aspx?d=109371), checked October 29, 2026
- [Louisiana State Legislature, Civil Code art. 2323](https://legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=109387&p=y), checked October 29, 2026
- [Maine Legislature, 18-C M.R.S. § 2-807](https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/18-C/title18-Csec2-807.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Maine Legislature, 14 M.R.S. § 156](https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/14/title14sec156.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Maryland General Assembly, Courts and Judicial Proceedings § 5-101](https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2026RS/Statute_Web/gcj/5-101.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Maryland General Assembly, Courts and Judicial Proceedings § 3-904](https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2026RS/Statute%5FWeb/gcj/3-904.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
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- [Maryland General Assembly, HB 466 (2026 Regular Session) status page](https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/HB0466?ys=2026RS), checked October 29, 2026
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- [Massachusetts Legislature, General Laws c. 229 § 2](https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIII/TitleII/Chapter229/Section2), checked October 29, 2026
- [Massachusetts Legislature, General Laws c. 231 § 85](https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIII/TitleII/Chapter231/Section85), checked October 29, 2026
- [Michigan Legislature, MCL 600.5805](https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-600-5805), checked October 29, 2026
- [Michigan Legislature, MCL 600.5852](https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-600-5852), checked October 29, 2026
- [Michigan Legislature, MCL 600.2959](https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-600-2959), checked October 29, 2026
- [Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes, Minn. Stat. § 541.05](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.05), checked October 29, 2026
- [Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes, Minn. Stat. § 573.02](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/573.02), checked October 29, 2026
- [Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes, Minn. Stat. § 604.01](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/604.01), checked October 29, 2026
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- [Mississippi Legislature, Miss. Code Ann. § 11-7-13 (2025 Code via Justia)](https://law.justia.com/codes/mississippi/title-11/chapter-7/in-general/section-11-7-13/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Mississippi Legislature, Miss. Code Ann. § 11-7-15 (2025 Code via Justia)](https://law.justia.com/codes/mississippi/title-11/chapter-7/in-general/section-11-7-15/), checked October 29, 2026
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- [Montana Legislature, MCA 27-2-207](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0270/chapter_0020/part_0020/section_0070/0270-0020-0020-0070.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Montana Legislature, MCA 27-1-702](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0270/chapter_0010/part_0070/section_0020/0270-0010-0070-0020.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Nebraska Legislature, Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-207](https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=25-207), checked October 29, 2026
- [Nebraska Legislature, Neb. Rev. Stat. § 30-810](https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=30-810), checked October 29, 2026
- [Nebraska Legislature, Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-21,185.09](https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=25-21,185.09), checked October 29, 2026
- [Nevada Legislature, NRS 11.190](https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-011.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2024 Nevada Revised Statutes), NRS 41.141](https://law.justia.com/codes/nevada/chapter-41/statute-41-141), checked October 29, 2026
- [New Hampshire General Court, RSA 508:4](https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/LII/508/508-4.htm), checked October 29, 2026
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- [New Hampshire General Court, RSA 507:7-d](https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/lii/507/507-7-d.htm), checked October 29, 2026
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- [Justia (2025 New Jersey Revised Statutes), N.J.S.A. 2A:31-3](https://law.justia.com/codes/new-jersey/title-2a/section-2a-31-3/), checked October 29, 2026
- [New Jersey Legislature, N.J.S.A. 2A:15-5.1](https://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/nxt/gateway.dll/statutes/1/112/352), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2025 New Mexico Statutes), NMSA 1978 § 37-1-8](https://law.justia.com/codes/new-mexico/chapter-37/article-1/section-37-1-8/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2025 New Mexico Statutes), NMSA 1978 § 37-1-4](https://law.justia.com/codes/new-mexico/chapter-37/article-1/section-37-1-4/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2025 New Mexico Statutes), NMSA 1978 § 41-2-2](https://law.justia.com/codes/new-mexico/chapter-41/article-2/section-41-2-2/), checked October 29, 2026
- [New Mexico Supreme Court, Scott v. Rizzo, 96 N.M. 682 (1981) (Caselaw Access Project text)](https://cite.case.law/nm/96/682/), checked October 29, 2026
- [New York State Senate, CPLR 214](https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVP/214), checked October 29, 2026
- [New York State Senate, EPTL 5-4.1](https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/EPT/5-4.1), checked October 29, 2026
- [New York State Senate, CPLR 1411](https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVP/1411), checked October 29, 2026
- [North Carolina General Assembly, G.S. 1-52](https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_1/GS_1-52.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [North Carolina General Assembly, G.S. 1-53](https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_1/GS_1-53.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [UNC School of Government, On the Civil Side: 'Fault Lines: Understanding Negligence Doctrines' (2025-03-21)](https://www.sog.unc.edu/node/372836), checked October 29, 2026
- [North Dakota Legislative Assembly, N.D.C.C. § 28-01-16](https://ndlegis.gov/api/cencode/t28c01.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [North Dakota Legislative Assembly, N.D.C.C. § 32-03.2-02](https://ndlegis.gov/api/cencode/t32c03-2.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Ohio General Assembly, Ohio Revised Code 2305.10](https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-2305.10), checked October 29, 2026
- [Ohio General Assembly, Ohio Revised Code 2125.02](https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-2125.02), checked October 29, 2026
- [Ohio General Assembly, Ohio Revised Code 2315.33](https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-2315.33), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2025 Oklahoma Statutes), 12 O.S. § 95](https://law.justia.com/codes/oklahoma/title-12/section-12-95/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2025 Oklahoma Statutes), 12 O.S. § 1053](https://law.justia.com/codes/oklahoma/title-12/section-12-1053/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2025 Oklahoma Statutes), 23 O.S. § 13](https://law.justia.com/codes/oklahoma/title-23/section-23-13/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Oregon Legislature, ORS 12.110](https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors012.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Oregon Legislature, ORS 30.020](https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors030.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Oregon Legislature, ORS 31.600](https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors031.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Pennsylvania General Assembly, 42 Pa.C.S. § 5524](https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/42/00.055.024.000..HTM), checked October 29, 2026
- [Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, Reibenstein v. Barax (2022) opinion citing Pastierik v. Duquesne Light Co. (1987)](https://www.pacourts.us/assets/opinions/Supreme/out/J-86-2022cdo%20-%20105368583206274420.pdf?cb=1), checked October 29, 2026
- [Pennsylvania General Assembly, 42 Pa.C.S. § 7102](https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/42/00.071.002.000..HTM), checked October 29, 2026
- [Rhode Island General Assembly, R.I. Gen. Laws § 9-1-14](https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE9/9-1/9-1-14.HTM), checked October 29, 2026
- [Rhode Island General Assembly, R.I. Gen. Laws § 10-7-2](https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE10/10-7/10-7-2.HTM), checked October 29, 2026
- [Rhode Island General Assembly, R.I. Gen. Laws § 9-20-4](https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE9/9-20/9-20-4.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [South Carolina Legislature, S.C. Code § 15-3-530](https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t15c003.php), checked October 29, 2026
- [S.C. Supreme Court (via FindLaw), Hooper v. Ebenezer Senior Services & Rehabilitation Center (2009)](https://caselaw.findlaw.com/sc-supreme-court/1503695.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [South Carolina Bar (copy of S.C. Supreme Court opinion), Nelson v. Concrete Supply Co. (1991)](https://www.scbar.org/media/bqrn2bfw/nelson.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [South Dakota Legislature, SDCL 15-2-14](https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/15-2-14.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [South Dakota Legislature, SDCL 15-2-13](https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/15-2-13.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [South Dakota Legislature, SDCL 21-5-3](https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/21-5-3.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [South Dakota Legislature, SDCL 20-9-2](https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/20-9-2.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2025 Tennessee Code), Tenn. Code Ann. § 28-3-105](https://law.justia.com/codes/tennessee/title-28/chapter-3/part-1/section-28-3-105/), checked October 29, 2026
- [U.S. District Court N.D. Ala. (govinfo), Murphy v. McGriff Transportation (2012), quoting Tennessee case law](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-alnd-2_11-cv-02754/pdf/USCOURTS-alnd-2_11-cv-02754-0.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Tennessee Board of Law Examiners (torts outline quoting Tenn. Supreme Court), McIntyre v. Balentine (1992)](https://www.tnble.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Torts.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Texas Legislature, Civil Practice and Remedies Code §§ 33.001, 33.012](https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/CP/htm/CP.33.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Texas Legislature, Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 33.001](https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/CP/htm/CP.33.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Utah Legislature, Utah Code § 78B-2-307](https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title78B/Chapter2/C78B-2-S307_2023050320230503.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Utah Legislature, Utah Code § 78B-2-304](https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title78B/Chapter2/C78B-2-S304_2026050620260506.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [U.S. Court of Appeals, 10th Cir. (applying Utah law), Maughan v. SW Servicing, 758 F.2d 1381 (1985)](https://m.openjurist.org/758/f2d/1381), checked October 29, 2026
- [Utah Legislature, Utah Code § 78B-5-818](https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title78B/Chapter5/C78B-5-S818_1800010118000101.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Vermont General Assembly, 12 V.S.A. § 512](https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/12/023/00512), checked October 29, 2026
- [Vermont General Assembly, 14 V.S.A. § 1492](https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/14/071/01492), checked October 29, 2026
- [Vermont General Assembly, 12 V.S.A. § 1036](https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/12/027/01036), checked October 29, 2026
- [Virginia General Assembly, Code of Virginia § 8.01-243](https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title8.01/chapter4/section8.01-243/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Virginia General Assembly, Code of Virginia § 8.01-244](https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title8.01/chapter4/section8.01-244/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Supreme Court of Virginia, Williams v. Harrison, Record No. 970880 (1998)](https://ebrief.courts.state.va.us/opinions/opnscvwp/1970880.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Washington State Legislature, RCW 4.16.080](https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=4.16.080), checked October 29, 2026
- [Washington Supreme Court, Deggs v. Asbestos Corp. Ltd., No. 91969-1 (2016)](https://www.courts.wa.gov/opinions/pdf/919691.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Washington State Legislature, RCW 4.22.005](https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=4.22.005), checked October 29, 2026
- [West Virginia Legislature, W. Va. Code § 55-2-12](https://code.wvlegislature.gov/55-2-12/), checked October 29, 2026
- [West Virginia Legislature, W. Va. Code § 55-7-6](https://code.wvlegislature.gov/55-7-6/), checked October 29, 2026
- [West Virginia Legislature, W. Va. Code § 55-7-13c](https://code.wvlegislature.gov/55-7-13c/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Wisconsin Legislature, Wis. Stat. § 893.54](https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/893.54), checked October 29, 2026
- [Wisconsin Legislature, Wis. Stat. § 893.52](https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/893/v/52), checked October 29, 2026
- [Wisconsin Legislature, Wis. Stat. § 895.045](https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/895.045), checked October 29, 2026
- [Wyoming Legislature, Wyo. Stat. Title 1, § 1-3-105](https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title01.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2025 Wyoming Statutes), Wyo. Stat. § 1-38-102](https://law.justia.com/codes/wyoming/title-1/chapter-38/section-1-38-102/), checked October 29, 2026